The phenomenon of youth dropout from the formal education system is a wellknown phenomenon in Israel and the world and is considered one of the major factors nourishing and preserving social gaps. The reasons for dropping out are divided into personal, family, pedagogical, and community reasons. Diff erent countries vary in the way they measure the extent of the phenomenon. In Israel a student is defi ned as a dropout if he stopped attending school during the year or in the transition to the next year. In Israeli society, the ultra-orthodox, Arabs, and immigrants (particularly the Ethiopian community) demonstrate the highest levels of dropping out. In order to deal with this phenomenon, the Youth Advancement Department in the Ministry of Education operates 170 Youth Advancement Units. The services off ered to youth dropouts include completion of formal education, vocational training, preparation for the world of work, leadership development, and more.
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