The article discusses the extinction of Neandertals which are the closest relatives to humans and the mystery surrounding their disappearance. Scientists have debated where these prehistoric people fit on the family tree of human evolution and what happened to them since the discovery of Neandertal fossils in 1856. Topics include an in-depth examination of extinction theories that focus on climate change and the differences in behavior and biology that may have given an advantage to Homo sapiens. Also discussed are key findings, as a result of Neandertal DNA sequencing, that have diminished the argument that Neandertals and H. sapiens interbred. A historical overview of the dominance of Neandertals in Western Asia and Europe is presented. INSETS: Did Climate Change Doom the Neandertals?;RESURRECTING THE NEANDERTAL;Were the Neandertals Outsmarted by Modern Humans?.
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