The twentieth century and the passing of the new millennium confirm, dramatically, the need to reflect on how to build the Socialist Revolution from concrete potentialities, limitations, dangers and constraints, which are diverse but also common. This issue calls for the unprejudiced, honest and objective examination of the mistakes made in failed experiments and in the existing "socialist" models. In this context, the social sciences acquire a special significance, since they can offer answers through the examination of reality, and their perspectives, that allow to warn, to avoid or to solve errors that could hinder or make impossible the construction of the new society.
The accumulated results indicate that to make socialism we cannot act and much think as we have done so far. The historical-social, theoretical-practical referents are not found in the collapsed experiments of Eastern Europe, nor in the former "real" Soviet socialism; nor on the roads that have survived. Moreover, the transformations that are now carried out in the current socialisms generate doubts, ruptures, resistances, incongruities, contradictions and questions still to be cleared.
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