Structural basis for transcript elongation control by nusg family universal regulators

• Jin Young Kang ^[1] ; Rachel Anne Mooney ^[2] ; Yuri Nedialkov ^[3]
  1. [1] Rockefeller University

     Rockefeller University

     Estados Unidos

     
  2. [2] University of Wisconsin–Madison

     University of Wisconsin–Madison

     City of Madison, Estados Unidos

     
  3. [3] Ohio State University

     Ohio State University

     City of Columbus, Estados Unidos

     

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• Localización: Cell, ISSN 0092-8674, Vol. 173, Nº. 7, 2018, págs. 1650-1662
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • NusG/RfaH/Spt5 transcription elongation factors are the only transcription regulators conserved across all life. Bacterial NusG regulates RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongation complexes (ECs) across most genes, enhancing elongation by suppressing RNAP backtracking and coordinating ρ-dependent termination and translation. The NusG paralog RfaH engages the EC only at operon polarity suppressor ( ops) sites and suppresses both backtrack and hairpin-stabilized pausing. We used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of ECs at ops with NusG or RfaH. Both factors chaperone base-pairing of the upstream duplex DNA to suppress backtracking, explaining stimulation of elongation genome-wide. The RfaH- opsEC structure reveals how RfaH confers operon specificity through specific recognition of an ops hairpin in the single-stranded nontemplate DNA and tighter binding to the EC to exclude NusG. Tight EC binding by RfaH sterically blocks the swiveled RNAP conformation necessary for hairpin-stabilized pausing. The universal conservation of NusG/RfaH/Spt5 suggests that the molecular mechanisms uncovered here are widespread.