This article reports on the crucian carp's ability to survive without oxygen for a period of time. Most vertebrates can live only minutes without oxygen, with some, such as freshwater turtles, able to slow their hearts drastically to survive. The crucian carp, a relative of the goldfish, can live on almost no oxygen for at least five days with a perfectly beating heart. The carp can do so by transforming lactic acid, a damaging metabolic waste product, into much less harmful ethanol--the alcohol found in beer.
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