This paper examines how a group of small-scale handloom producers from India remain competitive and get integrated into global value chains. Using a case study of a buyer-driven handloom value chain, this paper analyses the nature and characteristics of inter-firm relationships, governance, and upgrading practices in the selected handloom value chain. The study shows how these small-scale handloom producers engage with the handloom exporters and other chain participants, including input suppliers and business service providers, and improve their competitiveness. The results indicate the role of inter-firm relations in facilitating joint and collective actions among the chain participants that lead to collective efficiency. The study identifies two pathways of upgrading in the handloom value chain: a governance-driven and a cluster-driven pathway. The findings have implications for value chain interventions aimed at small-scale handloom and similar producers.
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