The countries facing the largest challenges of unemployment, population growth and poverty are also those that contain the most important biological diversity. Many economic growth policies threaten the environment, through exploitation of natural resources and large industrial development that earns foreign exchange. These in turn increase poverty, as deforestation reduces soil quality, over-harvesting the land and sea reduces food security and people lose access to traditional resources. The challenge is to identify approaches to development that conserve the environment. Recent initiatives demonstrate that incentives can be created for small enterprises to invest in conservation in a financially sustainable way.
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