Resumen de Evolución temporal de las intoxicaciones medicamentosas

Jordi Puiguriguer Ferrando, Christopher Yates, Elena Gervilla García, Juan Ortega Pérez, Elena Alfaro García-Belenguer, Rafael Jiménez López

• español

  Objetivo. Análisis de la evolución temporal de las intoxicaciones medicamentosas (IM) atendidas en urgencias hospitalarias.

  Método. Estudio retrospectivo, con análisis multivariante de variables epidemiológicas y asistenciales de IM, comparando la casuística de los años 2007 con 2017, en un hospital universitario.

  Resultados. Se incluyeron 750 casos, 58,4% del 2007. En 2017, disminuyeron la causa suicida (p < 0,001), el empleo de descontaminación digestiva (p < 0,001) y antídotos (p = 0,007), y los ingresos (p = 0,004), altas voluntaria o fugas (p = 0,03). Se incrementó por el contrario la intoxicación múltiple (p = 0,001), especialmente en varones y en contexto recreativo. Las benzodiacepinas fueron los fármacos más implicados en las IM (65,1%).

  Conclusiones. Existe una tendencia al descenso de las IM atendidas, con incremento en varones, menos intencionalidad suicida, menos uso de terapéuticas específicas y menos admisiones hospitalarias.

• English

  Objective. To review changes occurring over time in cases of medication overdose attended by an emergency department.

  Methods. Retrospective review of epidemiologic and care variables related to drug poisonings in a university teaching hospital in 2007 and 2017. We used multivariate analysis to compare the 2 years.

  Results. A total of 750 cases were included; 438 (58.4%) were from 2007. Fewer cases were seen in 2017 even though the total numbers of emergencies and poisonings had risen (P<.001). Fewer cases were suicides or suicide attempts in 2017 (P<.001), and digestive tract decontamination and antidotes were used less often (P<.001 and P=.007, respectively). Admissions (P=.004) and voluntary self-discharges or patient losses were also down in 2017 (P=.03). However, multidrug poisonings increased (P=.001), especially in the context of recreational drug use by men. Benzodiazepine overdoses accounted for most of such cases (65.1%).

  Conclusions. Medication overdoses seem to be decreasing, although the proportion of men overdosing is rising. Suicide attempts, the abuse of specific medications, and admissions also seem to be decreasing.