Resumen de Riesgo suicida y factores asociados en estudiantes de Psicología en una Universidad pública de Colombia

Paulo Cesar González Sepúlveda, Oscar Adolfo Medina Perez, Juan Carlos Ortiz Valencia

• español

  Introducción: El suicidio es una problemática mundial de salud pública. Para la detección se destacan dos factores: las conductas autolíticas y la ideación. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo suicida y factores asociados en un grupo de estudiantes de Psicología de una Universidad pública de Colombia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño transversal, a un grupo de 1 265 estudiantes de Psicología. El riesgo suicida se evaluó a través de la prueba ISO-30; además, se diseñó un cuestionario que solicitaba información socio-demográfico, de salud y autolesiones. Se calcularon medidas descriptivas y de asociación. Los instrumentos se aplicaron en el primer semestre de 2013, y se solicitó consentimiento informado de los participantes. Resultados: Se encontró que 3,6% presenta riesgo alto de suicidio, y que 9,1% se ha autolesionado, al menos, una vez en la vida. En relación con el riesgo alto de suicidio, se encontró que el riesgo de las mujeres triplica al de los hombres; quienes proceden de Zona Occidente presentan ocho veces más riesgo que los de Centro Oriente; por cada estudiante que presenta riesgo y no se ha autolesionado, hay cinco que sí lo han hecho; además, por cada estudiante que realizó una autolesión de riesgo mínimo, hay seis estudiantes que se autolesionaron de manera grave, buscando morir.  Conclusiones: El sexo, la edad, los antecedentes de autolesión y de consulta a servicios de salud, pueden ser predictores importantes del riesgo suicida en estudiantes universitarios. Mayor investigación es requerida en este campo.Palabras Clave: Colombia, estudiantes universitarios, ideación suicida, intento suicidio, factores de riesgo, mortalidad, suicidio. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Suicide is a global public health problem. To detecting two factors are standouts, autolytic behaviors and ideation. Objective: Was evaluate the suicidal risk and associated factorsin a group of Psychology students in a public college of Colombia. Material and Methods: A study of quantitative approach and transversal design with a group of 1265 Psychology students, was performed. Suicidal risk was evaluated through ISO-30 test, and a questionnaire was designed asking for sociodemographic, health, and self-harm numbers information. Descriptive and association measures were calculated. These instruments were applied during first half of the year 2013, with previous informed consent from every participant. Results: Was found that 3, 6% have high suicidal risk, and 9, 1% have harmed themselves at least once in life. In relation to high risk of suicide, was found that women have three times more risk than men; those from west zone have eight times more risk than those from eastern center zone; for each student who is at risk and has not been harmed themselves, there are five who do what they have done; in addition, each student made a minimal risk of self-harm, there are six students who injured themselves seriously in seeking death. Conclusions: Sex, age self-harm and consultation antecedents into health services, can be important predictors of suicidal risk in college students. This field needs more investigation. Key Words: Colombia, mortality, risk factors, suicidal ideation, suicide, suicide attempts, college students.

• English

  Introduction: suicide is a global public health problem. To detecting two factors are standouts, autolytic behaviors and ideation. Objective: was evaluate the suicidal risk and associated factorsin a group of Psychology students in a public college of Colombia. Material and Methods: a study of quantitative approach and transversal design with a group of 1265 Psychology students, was performed. Suicidal risk was evaluated through ISO-30 test, and a questionnaire was designed asking for sociodemographic, health, and self-harm numbers information. Descriptive and association measures were calculated. These instruments were applied during first half of the year 2013, with previous informed consent from every participant. Results: was found that 3, 6% have high suicidal risk, and 9, 1% have harmed themselves at least once in life. In relation to high risk of suicide, was found that women have three times more risk than men; those from west zone have eight times more risk than those from eastern center zone; for each student who is at risk and has not been harmed themselves, there are five who do what they have done; in addition, each student made a minimal risk of self-harm, there are six students who injured themselves seriously in seeking death. Conclusions: sex, age self-harm and consultation antecedents into health services, can be important predictors of suicidal risk in college students. This field needs more investigation.Keywords: Colombia, mortality, risk factors, suicidal ideation, suicide, suicide attempts, college students.