Metacontingências e macrocontingências: Revisão de pesquisas experimentais brasileiras

• Martins, J. C. T ^[1] ; Felipe Lustosa Leite
  1. [1] Universidade Federal do Pará
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 24, Nº. 4, 2016, págs. 453-469
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Metacontingencies and macrocontingencies: A review of the Brazilian experimental research
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • English

    More than a decade ago the first behavior-analytic experiment that used metacontingencies as unit of analysis was published. During this period, publications using macrocontingencies also contributed to the understanding of cultural processes and the development of experimental research. Prior literature revisions on the topic aimed at mapping the entire production on metacontingencies and macrocontingencies and to categorize experimental procedures by the type of task used in experiments on metacontingency analysis. This study aimed to describe brazilian experimental studies using metacontingencies and/or macrocontingencies, evaluate the development of the main experimental manipulations and organize the contributions according with objectives declared in each research. Articles, Doctoral Theses, Dissertations and Undergraduation Final Papers were analyzed and divided into two types of non-exclusive manipulations: Analogues of basic processes and Peculiarities of selection of cultural practices. 54 works were listed, mostly Master’s Dissertations (31) which used metacontingencies (29). From all the works listed, on 13 of them were papers published in peer-reviewed journals, which suggests that the production of the field stills lacks the possibility to reach a broader academic public. Three procedural improvements were critical to adequacy of the procedures to the studied process: independence of individual and cultural contingencies, differentiation of the nature of the cultural consequences and individual consequences, and generational permutation, with the first being present in 32 studies and the last in 33 studies. The increase in frequency of studies along the years and with researchers from differente universities taking part show that this research field has spread troughout Brazil. The studies often evaluated the effects of more than one variable, considering the complexity of the area and the search for more appropriate procedures. The procedures were also grouped by the focus of the investigation: sucessive approximations (3), non-contingent consequences (3), stimulus control (4), schedules of reinforcement (3), extinction (9), rules (2), selection by contingent presentation of withdrawal of a cultural consequence (9) and variability (2). This paper discusses the development of procedures, the distribution of research interests and points up possibilities of analysis based on experimental review. The paper could help researchers of the field to find experimental data on metacontingency and macrocontingency analysis, specifically getting more notice to research conducted by Brazillian behavior analysts. Nevertheless, the research should also lead to further revisions of works of the field by applying the methodology used here to include experiments conducted by researchers from other countries.

  • português

    Há mais de uma década foi publicado o primeiro experimento analítico-comportamental que utilizou metacontingências como unidade de análise. Nesse período, pesquisas com macrocontingências também contribuíram para o entendimento de processos culturais e o desenvolvimento de pesquisa experimental.

    O presente trabalho objetivou catalogar estudos experimentais brasileiros que utilizaram metacontingências e/ou macrocontingências, avaliar o desenvolvimento das principais manipulações experimentais e organizar as contribuições para a área conforme os objetivos de pesquisa declarados.

    Realizou-se levantamento e análise de artigos, teses de doutorado, dissertações de mestrado e trabalhos de conclusão de curso, distribuídos em dois tipos de manipulações não excludentes: análogos de processos básicos e peculiaridades da seleção de práticas culturais. Foram listados 54 trabalhos, a maioria de dissertações de mestrado que utilizaram metacontingências. Três aperfeiçoamentos procedimentais foram fundamentais para adequação dos procedimentos aos processos estudados: independência entre contingências individuais e culturais, diferenciação da natureza das consequências culturais e consequências individuais, e mudanças geracionais. Os trabalhos frequentemente aferiam os efeitos de mais de uma variável, considerando a complexidade da área e a busca por procedimentos mais adequados. Discute-se o desenvolvimento dos procedimentos, a distribuição dos interesses de pesquisa e possibilidades de análise com base nas revisões experimentais.