El jaibanismo es la forma de “chamanismo” que practican los Embera, un pueblo indígena que se distribuye por la vertiente pacífica de Colombia. Tal práctica cultural ha sufrido tras la dominación colonial muchos cambios, tantos que su horizonte de sentido ha cambiado. Si bien los Embera eran un pueblo nómada que tenía el jaibanismo como estrategia de supervivencia, cuando desde el estado colombiano se les obliga a ser sedentarios, este sentido cambia, y se convierte, en concreto en Karmata Rua, en el Sur-oriente de Antioquia, en un problema social grave que ha incluido hasta casos de asesinato. En este texto quiero exponer las causas de tal cambio, ya que antiguamente el o la jaibaná era considerada como la “verdadera (persona) humana”. Pero actualmente en el caso concreto de Karmata Rua, y en otros resguardos Embera, su presencia puede ser vista como un problema. El jaibanismo no ha estado al margen del proceso de colonialidad que ha sufrido América en los ultimo 526 años, y por lo tanto el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo ha sido ese proceso.
Jaibanism is the form of “shamanism” practiced by the Embera, an indigenous people, who is distributed across the Pacific watershed in Colombia. Such a cultural practice has undergone many changes after colonial domination, so many that its horizon of meaning has changed. Although the Embera were a nomadic people, who had jaibanism as a survival strategy, when from the Colombian State they are forced to be sedentary. This sense changes, and becomes, in particular Karmata Rua, in the South-Eastern Region in Antioquia, a serious social problem, which has even included murder cases. This text wants to explain the causes of such a change, since the Jaibaná wave was once regarded as the “true human (person).” However, currently in the specific case of Karmata Rua, and in other Embera reservations, their presence can be seen as a problem. Jaibanism has not been outside the process of coloniality, which America has suffered in the last 526 years, and therefore, the objective of this article is to show how that process has been.
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