This chapter centers on legal documents pertaining to the trial against Juan Casanova, a French foreigner living in Cartagena de Indias who in 1753 was accused of engaging in concubinage with one of his female black slaves. It examines how the foreigner, female black slaves, and Spanish authorities negotiated race, ethnicity and gender on the fringes of the Spanish empire. The essay argues that being on the geographical fringes of the empire allowed Cartagena to become an international arena and a fluid social space where disputing subjectivities converged and new ways of thinking about what it meant to be foreign emerged.
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