Dependência funcional das funções de ouvinte e falante: efeito da quantidade de treino

• Viegas, E. W. ^[1] ; Carlos Augusto de Medeiros ^[1]
  1. [1] UNICeub. Centro de Ensino Unificado de Brasília
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 27, Nº. 2, 2019, págs. 127-143
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Functional dependence between listener and speak functions: effect of training size
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • português

    O presente estudo investigou o efeito do tamanho do treino de ouvinte sobre a emissão não treinada de respostas de falante utilizando-se de palavras trissílabas inventadas. Dez universitários foram treinados a montar objetos com peças de Lego diante da apresentação do nome das peças, e depois testados a nomeá-las com as mesmas palavras. O estudo foi dividido em cinco fases experimentais em que variavam as peças de Lego utilizadas, assim como os nomes dos objetos. Os participantes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, que diferiram na quantidade de treino de ouvinte a que foram expostos. Os participantes expostos aos treinos mais longos apresentaram maiores incidências de dependência funcional. Com esses participantes, também foi possível observar maiores efeitos de treinos sucessivos. Esses resultados sugerem o efeito do tamanho do treino de ouvinte no surgimento da função de falante não treinada, ainda que este não seja o único aspecto que influenciou o desempenho dos participantes.

    Foi discutido que problemas de controle de estímulos nos treinos podem ter influenciado o desempenho dos participantes nos testes. Sugere-se, para novos estudos, realizar treinos de ouvinte com estímulos baseado em diferenças críticas para que o comportamento dos participantes fique sob controle de todos os elementos relevantes do estímulo.

  • English

    One of the research topics in verbal behavior is the functional independence between verbal operants or between the functions of listener and speaker. Initially the researches sought to verify the theoretical hypothesis of Skinner that it would not be expected functional dependence between different verbal operants or between repertoires of speaker and listener during the acquisition of new words. The research data revealed great variability, with indications of both functional independence and functional dependence. Functional dependence was observed mainly with human participants with typical development, in the directions of mand training and tact testing and listener function training and speaker function testing. More recently, research has attempted to investigate variables that make functional dependence more likely, since it would favor the acquisition of new verbal or non-verbal responses or with less training. A variable that seems to have an effect, even though it has not been manipulated directly, is the amount of training of a given function. The present study investigated this question specifically. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to verify the effect of the size of the listener training on the untrained emission of speaker responses using the same invented words. Ten undergraduates were trained to assemble objects formed by Lego pieces after the presentation of the assembled objects names by the experimenter, and then they were tested to name them with the same words. The study was divided into five experimental phases in which the used Lego parts, the assembled objects, as well as the names of the assembled pieces varied. The five phases were used to verify the effect of the successive training on the untrained emission of the speaker functions in the subsequent phases. Participants were divided into two groups, which differed in the amount of listener training to which they were exposed through a paired procedure. Pairs of participants were formed so that the participants in the group exposed to longer training were exposed to 50% more blocks of training by their peers in the group exposed to smaller training to reach the criterion of exposure to the speaker tests. Participants exposed to the longer training sessions had higher incidences of functional dependence. With these participants, it was also possible to observe greater effects of successive trainings. In other words, the participants exposed to more training presented an improvement in the performance during the experimental phases. These results suggest the effect of the size of the listener training on the emergence of the untrained speaker function, although this is not the only aspect that influenced the performance of the participants. It was discussed that problems of stimulus control in the training may have influenced the performance of the participants in the tests. It was suggested for new studies to carry out training based on critical differences so that the behavior of the participants is under the control of all the relevant elements of the stimulus and not only under the control of just part of the stimuli.