Shipping and empire building: crown versus individuals in Portuguese overseas expansion, c.1500-1700. A mixed model of seaport development

Amélia Polónia ^[1] ; Liliana Oliveira ^[2]
1. [1] Universidade Do Porto
  
  Universidade Do Porto
  
  Santo Ildefonso, Portugal
2. [2] CITCEM
Localización: International journal of maritime history, ISSN 0843-8714, Vol. 32, Nº. 1, 2020, págs. 134-148
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Crown policies and private enterprise combined to increase efficiency levels in Portuguese overseas expansion. Within this framework, this paper will emphasize three themes. Firstly, the dependence of the Portuguese empire on shipping efficiency; while the debate largely focuses on shipbuilding and seafarers, we show how crown policies and individual enterprises adapted to the evolving requirements of an empire based on sea power. Secondly, we demonstrate how informal and self-organized mechanisms at times contributed to, and sometimes blocked, state-oriented policies. Thirdly, we gauge the extent to which local inputs, such as raw materials, labour and techniques, contributed to efficiency levels within a universe that became multi-continental.