After a general introduction to the topic, I conceptualize childhood abuse in its two aspects: sexual and not sexualized. I recount Filomela’s myth, whose first part clearly reflects the abuse and violence, both, sexual and not sexual, exerted between adults; and whose second part reflects the abuse and violence not sexualized exerted by adults on children. Below, I study how psychoanalysis has looked at childhood sexual abuse, to continue with a series of reflections on Freud’s theories of seduction and trauma, and their influence on the psychoanalytic movements. The paper ends with a discussion of the consequences of the abuse of authority exercised by adults on children and how this should be addressed in therapy, what I call the Itis complex.