Neuronal anomalies and normal muscle morphology at the hypomotile iliocecocolonic region of patients affected by idiopathic chronic constipation

• Faussone-Pellegrini, M.S ^[1] ; Infantino, A. ^[2] ; Matini, P. ^[1] ; Masin, A. ^[2] ; Mayer, B. ^[3] ; Lise, M. ^[2]
  1. [1] University of Florence

     University of Florence

     Firenze, Italia

     
  2. [2] University of Padua

     University of Padua

     Padova, Italia

     
  3. [3] University of Graz

     University of Graz

     Graz, Austria

     

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• Localización: Histology and histopathology: cellular and molecular biology, ISSN-e 1699-5848, ISSN 0213-3911, Vol. 14, Nº. 4, 1999, págs. 1119-1134
• Idioma: inglés
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  • Patients suffering from idiopathic slowtransit chronic constipation have a delayed colonic transit referable to a decrease or loss of propagating contractions. Myogenic and/or neural mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this dysfunction and neuronal abnormalities have been described at the ascending, descending and sigmoid colon. The morphology and motile behaviour of the ileocecocolonic region, which in healthy subjects regulates cecum filling and emptying, have never been investigated in such disease. Therefore, we endoscopically ascertained whether a motility impairment was present at these junctional areas and neither spontaneous nor provoked occlusive contractions were found at the cecocolonic junction. Light and electron microscope examination of the entire colon revealed apparently normal features of neurons, smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal, while immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis demonstrated neuronal anomalies at the junctional areas. These anomalies consisted of low total neuron density and significantly few VIP-immunoreactive neurons at the two enteric plexuses, significantly few NOS-immunoreactive neurons at the myenteric plexus and significantly more NOS-immunoreactive neurons at the submucous plexus. These findings exclude a myopathy and demonstrate the existence of a neuropathy. In particular, the presence at the ileocecocolonic region of few VIP- and NO-producing neurons suggests that there might be a reduced VIP and NO production which may result in a compromised relaxation and/or onset of propagating contractions, slowing down bolus transit.

    The presence at the proximal colon of such an abnormality might explain why left colectomy and/or cecorectal anastomosis are unsuccessful in patients with this disease.