Transcription factors play an essential role in determining the fate of a cell by affecting the expression of target genes involved in proliferation , in differentiation and in programmed cell death. Under certain conditions, some of these factors are capable of deregulating expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and/or in programmed cell death resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of the cell. The focus of this review is on the transcriptional regulation of the bel-x gene encoding the anti-apoptotic BcI-xL protein. Since 1999, everal papers have implicated members of the Ets, Rel/NFKB, STAT and AP-l families as transcription factors regulating bel-x expression. A specific emphasis of these different transcription factor families on bel-x regulation in hematopoietic cells is discus ed.
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