Resumen de La gestión empresarial, en la construcción de una sociedad emprendedora
- español
Los artículos presentados en este número 28 de la revista, presentan metodologías o herramientas parala gestión de procesos organizacionales, con miradas de análisis estratégico y de aprendizajes de nuevasasociaciones de networking empresarial, de nuevos diseños de embalaje de productos, competitividad delsector de la educación superior, basados en criterios de innovación como respuesta a la necesidad de un sectoro como oportunidad de un nuevo negocio.
- English
The articles presented in this issue 28 of the magazine present methodologies or tools for the management of organizational processes, with views of strategic analysis and learning of new business networking associations, new product packaging designs, competitiveness of the sector of the higher education, based on innovation criteria in response to the need of a sector or as an opportunity for a new business.
In this panorama and the context of a globalized world in force, we talk about innovation, supported by rapid technological changes, where creativity has answers with the processes of research and business management, which result in impact projects for society, which perceived as a solution to great needs and job creation.
The concept of innovation was coined by Schumpeter (1934), with focuses on: technology, market for a new good, new production method, new market, new source of raw material supply, new market structure, regarded as a contribution to economic development.
The innovation thus raised, led to improve the production activity of the different economic sectors, and be a new engine for the generation of new business units, the result of new needs or business opportunities. In this regard, in Colombia, the Creative Economy or Orange Economy was taken as a development banner, with a contribution of resources of 400 billion pesos to 7 years to encourage innovation with entrepreneurship initiatives, towards creative companies related to the production of goods and cultural services protected with intellectual property, based on creativity, such as crafts, fashion, design, advertising, architecture, software development, tourism, among others.
Thus, the entrepreneurial initiative, then, becomes the great driver of innovation, competitiveness and economic and social development, making innovation and creativity manifest with new markets, or by modifying existing ones. These initiatives include: The creation of cultural industries (already mentioned), which design, produce and distribute goods or services related to aesthetic attributes and purposes; the creation of companies, based on the business opportunity; social entrepreneurship, with activities ranging from community work, volunteering and public organizations, to private companies focused on meeting social objectives; scientific entrepreneurship, with companies established for this purpose, which include Universities (with University Spin-offs), Study Centers and Research Institutes; Startup, as a company in its early stage; and, corporate entrepreneurship, where innovation management is supported by corporate incubators, corporate accelerators, corporate capital venture, corporate strategic partners; and, where large companies are the most benefited, with the synergy of technological developments.
Now, one aspect that has been strengthened with technological development is the management of business models, where Godin (2017) mentions that most of the ideas about innovation during the last decades have taken the form to build models business, also giving social criteria to the field of innovation; among them, scenario models, linear, holistic, network, open innovation. In this sense, innovation acquires current relevance with the assumption that, for many organizations, it constitutes a differential factor of competitiveness. (Sánchez & Cilleruelo, 2010).
On the other hand, in order to assess entrepreneurial activities, some indicators are shown, according to data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, 2017) for the case of Spain, where the rate of entrepreneurial activity for population between 18-54 years, it was 43.1% in 2013, compared to 41.8% in 2017; the profile of entrepreneurs in 2017 was 19.2% men and 18.2% women (the business with women being more durable); also, in education in 2013, it is noted: 52.4% with higher education, compared to 49.3% in 2017; in entrepreneurial activity of companies, 29.8% in 2013, compared to 27.6% in 2017; entrepreneurial activity rate in 2017: 11.8% global, 18.3% Latin America and Colombia.
In relation to the perceptions and capacities of entrepreneurs for Colombia, the fear of failure went from 35% (2013) to 28% (2017); Skills from 58% (2013) to 69% (2017); business opportunity, from 68% (2013) to 52% (2017), with a decrease in fear of failure, increase in skills for success and lower business expectations.
However, as indicators of non-continuity of the business, the following are mentioned, according to GEM (2017): business was not profitable (35%); financial problems (16%); personal reasons (16%); business sale opportunity
