Colombia
El fique (Furcraea spp) se cultiva ampliamente en Colombia en zonas con temperaturas entre 19ºC y 23ºC. Del fique solo se aprovecha un 4% del total, para la producción de fibra (cabuya). El 96% restante se desecha al ambiente, lo cual causa severos problemas de contaminación. De los desechos (96% del total), el 70% es liquido (jugo). Para demostrar el potencial biocida del jugo de fique se evaluó su efecto sobre Phytophthora infestans, causante de la gota en la papa (Solanum tuberosum). En este trabajo se determinó la presencia de saponinas, flavonoides y alcaloides en el jugo de fique. Posteriormente, se elaboró un biofungicida con vida útil de seis meses. Se evaluó la efectividad del mismo frente a la Phytophthora infestans. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con tratamientos a diferentes concentraciones (3.25%, 7.5% y 11.25%) de biofungicida y se comparó con el efecto de un fungicida comercial (Manzate) y un testigo, al que no se le aplicó fungicida. Se consideró como variable respuesta el porcentaje de incidencia de la enfermedad. Mediante el análisis de varianza se encontró que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el nivel de efectividad del fungicida Manzate y las concentraciones de 7.5% y 11.25% del biofungicida. De acuerdo con estos resultados, el jugo de fique se puede utilizar como biofungicida para el control de la gota de la papa, por su efecto protector frente al hongo Phytophthora infestans. Probablemente, su efectividad biofungicida se deba a las saponinas, alcaloides y flavonoides que contiene.
Fique (Furcraea spp) is cultivated thoroughly in Colombia in areas with temperatures between 19ºC and 23ºC. Only 4% of fique is used to obtain fiber (cabuya). The 96% remaining is thrown to be discarded to the environment without any treatment. This produces severe contamination problems. 70% of the wastes (96% everything) are liquids (fique). To demonstrate the biocide potential of the fique juice, effect was evaluated on Phytophthora infestans fungus, which causes “gota” in potato (Solanum tuberosum). In this work, the presence of flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were determined in the fique juice. Then a biofungicide with six months of duration was elaborated. Its effectivity was evaluated against the “gota” of the potato. A Completely Random Design (CRD) was used with treatment at different concentrations (3.25%, 7.50% and 11.25% of biofungicide). Its effect was compared with a commercial fungicide (Manzate) and witness treatment, without fungicide. The percentage of incidence of the illness was the variable answer. According to the variance analysis, there is not statistically significant difference between the level of effectiveness of not Manzate fungicide and 7.5% and 11.25% concentrations of biofungicide. According to the results the fique juice can be useful as biofungicide in the control of potato’s gota because of the protector effect on Phytophthora Infestans fungus. It is possible that this effect is due to the presence of saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids.
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