Madrid, España
This article describes and analyses the institutional framework for climate change adaptation policies in two Spanish cities, Madrid and Barcelona. Proper interaction between the different levels of Public Administration is the main step to successful adaptation measures. We illustrate the interface of the European, national, regional and local policies. Adaptation strategies demand actions that can be developed at national, regional and local levels since climate change effects depend on the particular economic, geographic and social circumstances of each country or region. We also show what kind of innovative adaptation measures have been implemented in these two capital cities of Spain. This article uses a descriptive methodology within which we analyze the adaptation strategies that European and National institutions are implementing and discuss a mechanism that would help to include all these in a joint effort to support design and implementation of adaptation efforts. The article enhances the need for our societies to adapt in the short and long terms in order to address the impacts of global warming and reduce our vulnerability to this global problem.
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