En la actualidad, los ingresos de la exportación de vehículos producidos en México sobrepasan el ingreso conjunto de otras actividades que "tradicionalmente" han servido para formar el presupuesto gubernamental: la exportación del petróleo, el turismo, las exportaciones agrícolas y las remesas. Por lo tanto, no es de sorprender que las expectativas del crecimiento económico del país estén ligadas de manera muy estrecha al desarrollo de la industria automotriz nacional. Para ello, la principal estrategia elegida por el gobierno mexicano ha sido la atracción de inversión extranjera directa hacia el sector mediante la invitación de empresas automotrices internacionales a establecer sus líneas de producción en México. No obstante, a pesar de las ventajas que ofrece esta estrategia, su pleno aprovechamiento representa un reto importante para las empresas locales y la economía mexicana. Hasta la fecha se han diseñado e implementado varios programas y estrategias para lograr una mejor integración de las empresas micro, pequeñas y medianas (MiPyMEs) mexicanas en las cadenas de producción de las compañías transnacionales con diferentes grados de éxito alcanzados. No obstante, la incorporación de las MiPyMEs mexicanas a las cadenas de producción de las automotrices japonesas sigue siendo bastante limitada. En el presente trabajo, analizando el caso de la Nissan en Aguascalientes, determinamos algunos de los factores que influyen en la eficiencia de este proceso de integración, identificados a través de entrevistas realizadas a representantes de proveedores nacionales y extranjeros de la Nissan, del gobierno, y de instituciones de educación, así como del análisis de la información de fuentes oficiales y de artículos de prensa. Uno de los factores clave identificados que obstaculizan la inserción de MiPyMEs a las cadenas de producción de la industria automotriz, es la carencia de una visión a futuro para la industria automotriz mexicana y de continuidad en los planes de desarrollo. Factors that influence the development of local suppliers of the automotive sector in AguascalientesCurrently, benefits from the export of vehicles produced in Mexico surpass the joint income generated by other "traditional" budget-forming activities like oil export, tourism, agricultural exports and remittances. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Mexican government's expectations of economic growth are tightly connected with the maintenance and development of the country's automotive industry. For this, the main strategy chosen by the Mexican government has been the attraction of foreign direct investment to the sector where large transnational carmakers are invited to settle their production lines in Mexico. Nevertheless, while such strategy offers undisputable advantages, successfully harnessing all its benefits represents a real challenge for Mexican local firms and for the Mexican economy. Hitherto, a number of programs and strategies have been designed and implemented, aimed to a better integration of Mexican micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the production chains of the transnational companies, with different degrees of success achieved. Nevertheless, the integration of the Mexican MSMEs into the production chains of the Japanese carmakers is still very limited. In the present work, using as a study case the presence of Nissan in the state of Aguascalientes, we make an overview of the factors that influence this process of incorporation, identified through interviews with representatives of Mexican and foreign Nissan's suppliers, of the government and education institutions, as also from the analysis of official sources and local news. One of the identified key factors hindering the insertion of local MSMEs into the automotive production chains is the absence of a vision of what is expected in the future for the Mexican automotive industry, as well as a lack of continuity in the efforts that have already been made to develop local suppliers.
Currently, benefits from the export of vehicles produced in Mexico surpass the joint income generated by other “traditional” budget-forming activities like oil export, tourism, agricultural exports and remittances. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Mexican government’s expectations of economic growth are tightly connected with the maintenance and development of the country’s automotive industry. For this, the main strategy chosen by the Mexican Government has been the attraction of foreign direct investment to the sector where large transnational carmakers are invited to settle their production lines in Mexico. Nevertheless, while such strategy offers undisputable advantages, successfully harnessing all its benefits represents a real challenge for Mexican local firms and for the Mexican economy. Hitherto, a number of programs and strategies have been designed and implemented, aimed to a better integration of Mexican micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMES) in the production chains of the transnational companies, with different degrees of success achieved. Nevertheless, the integration of the Mexican MSMES into the production chains of the Japanese carmakers is still very limited. In the present work, using as a study case the presence of Nissan in the state of Aguascalientes, we make an overview of the factors that influence this process of incorporation, identified through interviews with representatives of Mexican and foreign Nissan’s suppliers, of the Government and education institutions, as also from the analysis of official sources and local news. One of the identified key factors hindering the insertion of local MSMES into the automotive production chains is the absence of a vision of what is expected in the future for the Mexican automotive industry, as well as a lack of continuity in the efforts that have already been made to develop local suppliers.
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