A Quantitative Analysis of Swedish Fertility Dynamics: 1751-1990

Zvi Eckstein ^[1] ; Pedro Mira ^[2] ; Kenneth I. Wolpin ^[3]
1. [1] Tel Aviv University
  
  Tel Aviv University
  
  Israel
2. [2] Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros
  
  Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros
  
  Madrid, España
3. [3] University of Pennsylvania
  
  University of Pennsylvania
  
  City of Philadelphia, Estados Unidos
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Localización: Documentos de Trabajo ( CEMFI ), Nº. 13 (CEMFI Working Paper No. 9713, September 1997), 1997
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- This paper analyzes the relationship between age-specific fertility, mortality and real wages in Sweden during the demographic transition. We take an overlapping generations model of life cycle fertility and fit it to actual Swedish time-series data over the past two and a half centuries. The model fits the data well, accurately portraying the total fertility decline from more than four children per female before the mid-19'th century to about two children today. About 80\% of this decline was in fertility that occurred at female ages over 30. The fitted model implies that reductions in child mortality over this period is the most important factor explaining the fertility decline, while increases in the real wage can explain only less than one-third of the decline in fertility. However, their combined effect was considerably larger than a simple summing up would predict. The fertility decline was magnified as well by the combination of increasing real wages and rising adult survival rates. In addition, we find that a model that is estimated based only on pre-transition data would actually overstate the subsequent fertility decline.