Gárgara (Troade): le monete d'argento delle due città

• Autores: Lorenzo Lazzarini
• Localización: Rivista italiana di numismatica e scienze affini, ISSN 1126-8700, Nº. 122, 2021, págs. 109-134
• Idioma: italiano
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• Resumen
  • English

    This study examines the silver coinage (including many unpublished coins) of Gargara, a city on the southern Troad, that was founded on two different sites: the first settlement, on one of the highest peaks of Mount Ida, had been abandoned in the middle of the IV century B.C., and replaced by a new town, a few kilometres to the south and close to the sea, on a low hill, surrounded by a fertile plain. The first polis started to struck obols and fractions at the end of the VI century B.C., and continuing for over fifty years. Around the middle of the V century, the city struck a complete series of nominals (drachmae, hemidrachms, obols, and hemiobols), in two emissions, a heavy and a light one, both abundant and testifying the wealthy period of the polis. Gargara continued to strike silver coins until the early years of the new city. The obverse types were inspired by the mythological figures connected to Zeus, such as Gargaros/Ganimedes and the nymph Larissa, and to Apollo, the main god in the Troad. On the reverses, the types are related to the pastoral and agricultural economy of Gargara, a town famous in antiquity for its harvests, as reported by many literary sources

  • français

    Cette e´tude examine l’ensemble des monnaies d’argent (avec beaucoup d’ine´dits) de Gargara, petite ville grecque de la Troade me´ridionale, fonde´e sur deux sites diffe´rents : une premie`re ville e´tait place´e sur le plus haut promontoire du mont Ida, et abandonne´vers le milieu du IVe sie`cle av. J.-C., et la nouvelle ville, situe´e plus en aval et pre`s de la mer, sur une basse colline entoure´e d’une plaine fertile. La vielle ville commenc¸a a`frapper des oboles et ses fractions vers la fin du VIe sie`cle av. J.-C., et pour les cinquante anne´es suivantes. Vers le milieu du Ve sie`cle, la ville frappa deux se´ries comple`tes (drachmes, he´midrachmes, oboles, et he´mioboles), une lourde et une alle´ge´e, plutoˆt abondantes, ce qui te´moigne d’une certaine prospe´rite´e ´conomique. Gargara continua a`frapper des pie`ces d’argent jusqu’aux premie`res anne´es de la nouvelle fondation. En ge´ne´ral, les types de droit se re´fe`rent a`des figures mythologiques lie´es a`Zeus comme Gargaros / Ganyme`de et la nymphe Larissa, et a`Apollon, la divinite´principale de la Troade; par contre les revers renvoient a`l’e´conomie pastorale et agricole de Gargara, ville ce´le`bre pour ses moissons, mentionne´es par plusieurs sources anciennes.

  • italiano

    Questo studio prende in esame l’insieme della monetazione argentea (con molti inediti) di Ga´rgara, piccola citta` greca della Troade meridionale fondata in due siti diversi, una paleapoli su uno dei picchi piu`alti del Monte Ida, abbandonato verso la meta`del IV secolo a.C. per fondare piu`a valle, vicino al mare, una neapoli su una bassa collina circondata da una fertile pianura. La paleapoli inizio`a coniare oboli e loro frazioni verso la fine del VI secolo a.C. e per i successivi cinquant’anni. Attorno alla meta`del V secolo emise due serie complete di nominali (dracma, emidracma, obolo, emiobolo), una pesante e una piu`leggera, piuttosto abbondanti e testimonianti una discreta floridezza economica della polis. Ga´rgara continuo`a battere monete d’argento sino ai primi anni di vita della neapoli. In generale, i tipi monetali al dritto si rifanno a figure mitologiche collegate a Zeus come Ga´rgaros/Ganimede e la ninfa Larissa, e ad Apollo, la principale ivinita`troadense. Al rovescio invece compaiono tipi che rimandano all’economia pastorale e agricola di Ga´rgara, citta`famosa per le sue messi, ricordate da molte fonti letterarie antiche