Granulomatous Dermatitis Associated With Rubella Virus Infection in an Adult With Immunodeficiency

• Autores: Bridget Shields, Ludmila Perelygina, Sara Samimi, Paul L. Haun, Thomas H. Leung, Emily Abernathy, Min-hsin Chen, Li Juan Hao, Joseph P Icenogle, Beth A. Drolet, Barbara Wilson, Joshua S. S. Bryer, Ross England, Emily Blumberg, Karolyn A. Wanat, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Misha Rosenbach
• Localización: JAMA Dermatology, ISSN 2168-6068, Vol. 157, Nº. 7, 2021, págs. 842-847
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Importance Immunodeficiency-related, vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) as an antigenic trigger of cutaneous and visceral granulomas is a rare, recently described phenomenon in children and young adults treated with immunosuppressant agents.

    Objective To perform a comprehensive clinical, histologic, immunologic, molecular, and genomic evaluation to elucidate the potential cause of an adult patient’s atypical cutaneous granulomas.

    Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective evaluation of skin biopsies, nasopharyngeal swabs, and serum samples submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was conducted to assess for RuV using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genomic sequencing. The samples were obtained from a man in his 70s with extensive cutaneous granulomas mimicking both cutaneous sarcoidosis (clinically) and CD8+ granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (histopathologically). The study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2021.

    Main Outcomes and Measures Identification and genotyping of a novel immunodeficiency-related RuV–associated granulomatous dermatitis.

    Results Immunohistochemistry for RuV capsid protein and RT-PCR testing for RuV RNA revealed RuV in 4 discrete skin biopsies from different body sites. In addition, RuV RNA was detected in the patient’s nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR. The full viral genome was sequenced from the patient’s skin biopsy (RVs/Philadelphia.PA.USA/46.19/GR, GenBank Accession #MT249313). The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a novel RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that clinicians and pathologists may consider RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis during evaluation of a patient because it might have implications for the diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis, with RuV serving as a potential antigenic trigger, and for the diagnosis of granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with histopathologic features that may prompt an evaluation for immunodeficiency and/or RuV.