La vid y el vino en el mundo de Hernán Cortés

• Autores: Marcelino Díaz González
• Localización: Hernán Cortés en el siglo XXI: V Centenario de la llegada de Cortés a México / coord. por José Ángel Calero Carretero, Tomás García Muñoz, 2020, págs. 617-646
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The vine and the wine in the world of Hernán Cortés
• Enlaces
  • Texto Completo Libro
• Resumen
  • español

    La importancia que el vino tenía en la dieta de los primeros colonizadores de América así como la imposibilidad de obtenerlo a partir de las vides silvestres americanas iba a dar lugar a que Cortés al poco tiempo de hacerse con el poder en Tenochtitlán firmara las Ordenanzas de 20 de marzo de 1524 por la que obligaba a todos los vecinos de Nueva España que tuvieran indios de repartimiento a plantar cinco mil plantas de vides. Consciente de la dificultad que la vitis vinífera encontraba en el Nuevo Mundo para desarrollarse, iba indicar en dicha orden que deberían hacerlo engiriendo la vid castellana en la vid de la tierra. Es de cir, por primera vez en el mundo, Cortés iba a aplicar el injerto al cultivo de la vid y de esa forma podría desarrollarse tanto en Méjico como en el resto del continente americano. Se describe también las bebidas fermentadas de meso América así como los tres primeros encuentros gastronómicos por los cuales, los amerindios apreciarían las cualidades del vino castellano y los españoles rechazarían el pulque azteca

  • English

    Due to the importance that the wine had in the first colonizers of America’s diet as well as the impossibility of obtaining it from the American wild vines was going to give place to Hernán Cortés biggest solution to vines cultivation. Shortly after the conquest of Tenochtitlan, Cortés signed the Ordinances in March 1524. He granted lands and houses to the Spaniards, and each proprietor will receive a number of Indians but he also made some conditions. One of them was that every estate should plant 5000 vines. The Vitis Vinifera, grape vine coming from Castillian, was now in the New Spain, they were aware of the difficulty of this vine to grow in a new land, therefore, Cortés will implement grafting the Spanish grape vine to the earth grape vine. For this reason, he will achieve for the first time in the wine history grafting grape vines. This would make possible the grape development in both Mexico and America Three hundred and sixty years after, the Phylloxera an insect that feeds on the roots and leaves of grapevines and destroys them was a huge problem in the European vineyards. The solution had to be: to graft the European vines to the resistant American rootstock that were not susceptible to the Phylloxera, and it was proved to be an effective remedy. Eventually, the wine in Europe was able to return to relative normality. Some tales also describe that the result of the first gastronomic encounters, the Amerindians would appreciate the qualities of the Spanish wine and Spanish people will refuse to drink the fermented beverages from Mesoamerica which will make the Aztec pulque to fell into decline