This essay reassesses J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur’s theory of assimilation, themelting-pot, turned “melting-love” via Israel Zangwill and Werner Sollors as a meansto eradicate racism in America. It also analyzes the ways in which the representations ofthe Portuguese in American fiction were shaped by social Darwinist discourse, as wellas how Elvira Osorio Roll in her novels, Background: A Novel of Hawaii and Hawaii’sKohala Breezes, and Anna Martins Gouveia, in her autobiography, From Madeira to theSandwich Islands: The Story of a Portuguese Family in Hawaii, draw from this type ofracial discourse in their own representation of the Portuguese in Hawaii.
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