Resumen de Memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio y flexibilidad cognitiva en pacientes con diferentes grados de severidad en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer

Manuel Cañas Lucendo, María Victoria Perea Bartolomé, Valentina Ladera Fernández

• español

  El objetivo del estudio consistió en investigar las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en función del grado de severidad. Se estudiaron 50 pacientes con EA y 60 Sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo (SSDC) en un estudio no experimental- transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados demostraron que: la ejecución del test de dígitos que valora memoria de trabajo, no diferencia entre los pacientes con EA leve y los SSDC; el control inhibitorio, evaluado mediante el test de Stroop, permite diferenciar a los pacientes con EA en fase moderada y grave; y en la flexibilidad cognitiva, medida a través de diferentes variables, existen diferencias inconsistentes. Los pacientes con EA tienen mayor afectación en tareas que evalúan memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio y la flexibilidad cognitiva, con independencia del grado de severidad y de la edad, en comparación con SSDC.

• English

  Executive Functions (EF) are a series of processes of high cognitive hierarchy that mediate behavior for problem solving. Alzheimer`s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces executive impairment in the components of Working Memory (WM), inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. The objective of the study was to investigate the executive components affected in patients with AD according to the degree of severity, in comparison with Subjects without cognitive impairment (SWCI). 50 patients with AD and 60 SWCI were studied in a non-experimental-cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling based on a series of inclusion criteria. After the application of the digit subtest (WAIS-III), Stroop test, abbreviated Wisconsin classification card test, Trail making test, part B, the results showed that the WM did not differentiate between patients with mild AD and those with SWCI, inhibitory control makes it possible to differentiate between patients with AD in a moderate and severe phase, in contrast to those in a mild state, and with regard to cognitive flexibility, there are no inconsistent differences between the different degrees of severity, with the exception of those found among those with mild and moderate AD and among the moderately severe with SWCI. In conclusion, patients with AD have greater impairment in WM, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, regardless of the degree of severity and age, compared to SWCI.