Along with papyrus and clay, two of the oldest writing supports were leather and parchment, but there is no term in the Hamito-Semitic languages to distinguish leather from parchment. According to Egyptologists, the parchment was perhaps in use in Egypt since the 6th dynasty (2323-2150 BC) but almost certainly at the end of the 18th dynasty (1300-1200) as some scenes reproduced in a Saqqara tomb would show. Another problem is the origin of the paper in Arab countries. Recent research has confirmed what Karabacek had already hypothesized at the end of the 19th century, that the map was already known in Samarkand a few decades before the battle of Talas.
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