La rinascita della metafisica dallo spirito della logica: Livelli ontologici e livelli semantici

• Franca D'Agostini ^[1]
  1. [1] Polytechnic University of Turin

     Polytechnic University of Turin

     Torino, Italia

     
• Localización: Giornale di Metafisica: revista bimestrale di filosofia, ISSN 0017-0372, Vol. 35, Nº. 2-3, 2013 (Ejemplar dedicado a: I. Struttura e livelli ontologici del reale. II. Nunzio Incardona e il "suo" tempo / coord. por Mariano Bianca, Giuseppe Nicolaci), págs. 279-304
• Idioma: italiano
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • In recent analytic philosophy there has been a resurgence of metaphysics, and it is not difficult to see that this resurgence is strictly connected to the developments of logic. In his lectures on analytic philosophy, of 1976, Ernst Tugendhat suggested that the “new logic” created by Frege and Russell contained new and decisive resources for ontology. So recent developments have somehow confirmed this insight. The first part of the article updates and radicalizes Tugendhat’s hypothesis, focusing on what really in “logic” (classically intended as the study of validity “in virtue of form”) gives the conditions of the study of “being qua being”. It is shown that the metaphysical “spirit” of logic is typically Aristotelian, which means: alethic, and realistic; but truth and realism are intended in a light and liberalized way: they correspond to a methodological rather than substantive choice. The second part tries to apply the conclusions of the previous analysis to the problem of ontological “levels”. It is argued that the existence of levels is semantically revealed by typological and conceptual stratifications and hierarchies. But there is no alethic need of moving from semantic to metaphysical evidence: the world might only consist of the entities postulated by physics, and so “being” might be conceived as unique, univocal, one-level, and truth would work well.