The early circulation and late adoption of the “Pact of ʿUmar” (shurūṭ ʿUmar)

• Luke Yarbrough ^[1]
  1. [1] University of California System

     University of California System

     Estados Unidos

     
• Localización: Jerusalem studies in Arabic and Islam, ISSN 0334-4118, Nº. 53, 2022, págs. 237-304
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • This article reassesses the early evidence relating to the notorious “Pact of ʿUmar” (Shurūṭ ʿUmar), proposing the following account: Shurūṭ ʿUmar was most likely put into circulation in Kūfa or—less probably—Ḥimṣ in the early- to midsecond/ eighth century. It then circulated among scholars in relative obscurity for at least two centuries more. It was first proposed to a Muslim ruler as an authoritative, enforceable document in the late third/early tenth century, but there is no evidence that it was enforced until the later fifth/eleventh century at the earliest. It follows that Shurūṭ ʿUmar was not the foundational reference point for the notional or effective regulation of non-Muslim populations in early Islam.