Resumen de Optimización del proceso de combustión en una caldera de calefacción de 465 kw, modelo CPA de roca.

José Gañán Gómez, Juan Félix González González, João Paulo Turégano Caetano, S. Correia, A.B. Miranda, Alfonso Carlos Marcos Romero

• español

  En este artículo se ha desarrollado un trabajo experimental sobre el cálculo del rendimiento de las calderas pirotubulares utilizadas en instalaciones de calefacción.

  El funcionamiento de las calderas es semiautomático, siendo capaz de regular el aire para cada nivel de potencia. Esta regulación se realiza mediante un sistema hidráulico, que permite cerrar el aire durante la fase de parada y realizar un prebarrido de todos los gases existentes en los conductos de humos antes del encendido. Los resultados han mostrado un rendimiento mayor de la caldera de 93 - 95%, y las pérdidas por entalpía sensible de los humos, el dióxido de carbono y la potencia nominal de la caldera aumentan al incrementar la presión de inyección, mientras que las concentraciones de monóxido de carbono diminuyen.

• English

  The objective of this work focus in the study of optimal operation conditions for two three-stage pirotubulares boilers, connected in parallel and suitable gas oil C.

  Data was obtained for the equipment by means of the analyzer TESO model 300 M-I whose probe was placed in the exit of the boiler. The considered operation variables were the injection pressure and the number of burners.

  The maximum level of efficiency was obtained, in the case of one burner with 9 Kg/cm 2 pressure, at around 95.4% and for the case of two burners the biggest level of efficiency was obtained with 12 Kg/cm 2 pressure, amounting to 93.2%. As the emission of pollutants must be within the values prescribed by legislation, these are limited to 1700 mg/m 3N for the SO2, 1445 p.p.m. for the CO and of opacity 2 according to the Bacharach scale.

  In this work, it is shown that the losses due to the sensible enthalpy of the exhaust gases does increase, as well as the carbon dioxide and the nominal power of the boiler, when increasing the injection pressure while the concentrations of monoxide of carbon decrease.