Usage-based theories provide helpful frameworks and tools for the study of language in its various contexts of interaction. This chapter explores the application of these approaches to the study of second language (L2) acquisition. It begins with an overview of usage-based approaches, paying special attention to the way they capture information about L2s. Next, approaches to the study of L2 acquisition that draw from, ascribe to, or are compatible with usage-based linguistics are outlined and examples are provided of recent applications of this theory to the empirical study of L2s. Usage-based linguistics focuses on constructions, or form-meaning pairings, as the unit of language learning. Thus, usage-based studies of L2 acquisition have explored the trajectories and processes by which L2 learners move from specific, concrete instances or exemplars of particular constructions to increasing abstraction and creativity.
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