Mortalidad Materna en el Perú en contextos de pandemia por COVID-19

• Chipa Avila, Mishel Rocio ^[2] ; Montoya Juro, Carlos Jesús ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle

     Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle

     Perú

     
  2. [2] Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú.
• Localización: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal, ISSN-e 2663-113X, Vol. 12, Nº. 1, 2023 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research), págs. 9-10
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Maternal mortality in Peru in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Durante la pandemia, la tasa de mortalidad materna se ha visto incrementada, especialmente en países subdesarrollados, donde una de cada tres gestantes con COVID-19 no pudieron acceder a una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI); por lo que, el 35 % de embarazadas fallecieron y las medidas para prevenir la infección por COVID-19 tuvieron un impacto en la limitación del control completo de las gestantes1.

    Esta pandemia causó un impacto significativo en la mortalidad materna en el mundo. En algunos países hubo un incremento de la tasa de mortalidad materna como en Uganda con 6.5%, México 26.2%, India 34.4% y Kenia 8.5%2. A nivel latinoamericano, la tasa de mortalidad más alta la obtuvo Honduras; mientras que el Perú se mostró en quinto lugar, el cual se incrementó en un 50%3.

  • English

    Mr. EditorDuring the pandemic, the maternal mortality rate has increased, especially in underdeveloped countries, where one in three pregnant women with COVID-19 could not access the intensive care unit (ICU); therefore, 35% of pregnant women died and the measures to prevent COVID-19 infection had an impact in limiting the complete control of pregnant women (1). This pandemic had a significant impact on maternal mortality worldwide. In some countries there was an increase in the maternal mortality rate, such as Uganda with 6.5%, Mexico 26.2%, India 34.4% and Kenya 8.5% (2). In Latin America, Honduras had the highest mortality rate, while Peru was in fifth place, with a 50% increase (3). In Peru, maternal mortality had an unequal presence, according to the region, since before the pandemic, the regions that reported the highest mortality rates were Amazonas, Ucayali, Madre de Dios and Loreto; while during the pandemic, the departments that reported the highest incidence of maternal mortality were Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Cajamarca, Puno, which together accounted for 65.8% of all deaths during this time (4). On the other hand, the main change in the causes of maternal mortality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was the gradual rise of indirect causes such as respiratory diseases, COVID-19, among others; displacing direct causes such as hypertensive disorders and obstetric hemorrhage, which before the pandemic were the predominant causes at the national level (5). However, during the first months of 2022, 68.3% of the total maternal mortality occurred due to direct causes and 31.7% due to indirect causes, with similarities observed from the second semester of 2021 (6). In conclusion, since maternal mortality represents a serious public health problem, it is of interest to know aspects related to maternal mortality in Peru, which occurred in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to use these experiences in future similar scenarios where the public health of pregnant women is involved.