Áreas verdes urbanas, una caracterización paisajística y biológica aplicada a una microcuenca de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica

• Romero Vargas, Marilyn ^[1] ; Bermúdez Rojas, Tania ^[2] ; Durán Apuy, Alejandro ^[1] ; Sánchez, Marvin Alfaro ^[1] ; Bonilla Soto, Sebastián ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional
  2. [2] Universidad Nacional (UNA)
• Localización: Revista geográfica de América Central, ISSN-e 2215-2563, ISSN 1011-484X, Vol. 2, Nº 69, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Revista Geográfica de América Central), págs. 23-48
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Green Urban Areas and a Landscape and Biological Characterization Applied to a Micro-basin of the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo presenta una caracterización paisajística y biológica de las áreas verdes urbanas (AVU) de la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica. Esta caracterización se basa en una clasificación según criterios de uso de estos espacios verdes, donde se describen atributos paisajísticos como cantidad, tamaño promedio, área total y condición de cobertura de la tierra; y atributos biológicos como riqueza de especies, géneros y familias, porcentajes de especies exóticas y nativas por categoría de AVU. Se utilizaron datos geoespaciales en el caso del componente paisajístico, provenientes de los municipios, así como fotointerpretación y generación de cartografía propia, y, para el componente biológico, muestreos de campo y consultas a expertos, fuentes se cundarias mediante una revisión exhaustiva de literatura científica y de las bases de datos en línea.  Los resultados muestran que existe 8.95% (664.68 ha) del área total de la microcuenca dedicada a las AVU de conservación de la biodiversidad, de protección del recurso hídrico y de recreación, mientras que la categoría AVU privadas dedicadas a cultivos y pasturas casi cuadriplica las primeras (31.33%; 2 325.81 ha). Se identificó 1 029 especies de árboles, arbustos, hierbas, trepadora, etc., siendo los jardines y calles los que aportan más especies. La fauna de vertebrados está dominada por las aves, seguida por reptiles, anfibios y por último los mamíferos. En conclusión, las AVU del área de estudio muestran diferencias paisajísticas y biológicas importantes en cuanto a cantidad, tamaño, distribución espacial, riqueza florística y faunística, y que en su conjunto forman una trama verde que aporta servicios ecosistémicos a la ciudad.

  • English

    This article presents a landscape and biological characterization of the Bermudez basin's urban green areas (UGA), based on classification according to green spaces use criteria. Landscape attributes are quantity, average size, and total area soil coverage condition. Biological attributes are the richness of species, genus, and families, percentage of exotic and native species by UGA category. Geospatial data supplied by municipalities were used in landscape components, as well as photo interpretation and own-made cartography generation. For biological components, field surveys and expert consultation, secondary sources through exhaustive revision of scientific literature and online databases. Results show 8.95% (664.68 ha) of UGA from the micro-basin’s total area is dedicated to biodiversity conservation, river protection, and recreation, while private UGA dedicated to crops and pastures are nearly quadrupled the first ones (31.33%; 2 325,81 ha). A total of 1.029 tree, shrub, herb, and creeper species had been identified, been gardens and roads the ones with more species. Vertebrate fauna is dominated by birds, followed by reptiles, amphibians, and at last, mammals. In conclusion, UGA on the study area had shown landscape and important biological differences, including quantity, size, spatial distribution, floristic and fauna richness, and they form a green weft that provides ecosystem services to the city

  • português

    This article presents a landscape and biological characterization of urban green areas (AVU) of the Bermudez basin, based in a classification on green spaces use criteria. Landscape attributes are quantity, average size, and total area soil coverage condition. Biological attributes are richness of species, genus and families, percentage of exotic and native species by AVU category. Geospatial data were used in landscape component, supplied by municipalities, as well as photo interpretation and own-made cartography generation. For biological component, field surveys and expert consultation, secondary sources through exhaustive revision of scientific literature and on-line databases. Results show 8.95% (664.68 ha) as AVU from the micro basin total area, dedicated to biodiversity conservation, river protection and recreation, while private AVU dedicated to crops and pastures are nearly quadrupled the first ones (31,33 %; 2 325,81 ha). 1 029 tree, shrub, herb, and creeper species had been identified, been gardens and roads the ones with more species. Vertebrate fauna is dominated by birds, followed by reptiles, amphibians and at the last, mammals. In conclusion, AVU on the study area had shown landscape and biological important differences, including quantity, size, spatial distribution, floristic and fauna richness and they form a green weft which provides ecosystem services to the city.