Resumen de Experiencias de vida ante el riesgo por COVID-19 (año 2020-2021). Redimensionando el comportamiento ante el desastre

María Guadalupe Garibay Chávez, Jorge Regalado Santillán, Arturo Curiel Ballesteros, Martha Georgina Orozco Medina, Valentina Davydova Belitskaya, Silvia Lizette Ramos de Robles

• español

  La COVID-19 es el mayor desastre biológico del siglo XX y XXI con múltiples consecuencias. El objetivo fue documentar y analizar las experiencias de vida de investigadores frente al riesgo y desastre durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en un año de confinamiento. El supuesto fue que reflexionar sobre las experiencias de vida durante la https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2023.40.3.25 La vida ante riesgo y desastre por COVID-19 pandemia por COVID-19, facilitaría estar preparado para próximos eventos. Se sistematizaron experiencias de vida mediante un proceso individual y colectivo interdisciplinario. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa desde una perspectiva interpretativa, mediante el uso de la encuesta-autorreporte y el grupo focal. Para analizar los datos se recurrió al análisis del discurso, el mapa mental y los fragmentos narrativos del autorreporte. Los referentes teóricos utilizados para abordar las experiencias de vida fueron Benjamin (1933/1999), De Alba et al. (2016), Dewey (2002), Díaz (1997), Dubet (2011), Hochschild (1979), Larrosa (2006) y Llanos (2017). Las experiencias de vida refieren 292 palabras descriptivas, entre las que figuran con mayor frecuencia: desastre, gobierno, muerte, pandemia y riesgo. La pandemia afectó la salud mental de los participantes, mostró cambios y ajustes, contradicciones de autoridades e incapacidades institucionales, así como en el sentido de vida, el valor de las relaciones sociales y con la naturaleza, las habilidades y los aprendizajes. A partir de este estudio, se hizo un aporte al entendimiento del riesgo y del desastre, desde perspectivas que incluyen las experiencias de los sujetos. Se muestra la preponderancia del comportamiento humano en el desastre, sus consecuencias y su manejo, así como la falta de preparación gubernamental y social ante esta situación. Se concluye que, para adquirir experiencia, es necesario saber y decidir qué hacer para evitar nuevos desastres.

• English

  COVID-19 disease was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The new coronavirus was recognized for its dangerousness, high level of contagion and spreading among the population. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (2020) declared the pandemic. The purpose was to document and analyze the life experiences of a group of researchers facing risk and disaster during the COVID-19 pandemic in a year of confinement.

  These life experiences were systematized through a critical interdisciplinary individual and collective process of learning and co-construction. A qualitative methodology was used from an interpretative perspective using the self-report survey and the focus group. The theoretical references to analyze the experiences were Benjamin (1933/1999), De Alba et al. (2016), Dewey (2002), Díaz (1997), Dubet (2011), Hochschild (1979), Larrosa (2006), and Llanos (2017) To review the data, discourse analysis was used and mental maps and narrative fragments of self-reports were used as instruments to represent said data.

  Life experiences refer to 292 descriptive words. Most frequently: disaster, government, death, pandemic, and risk. The researchers' experience during the pandemic had negative and positive consequences on a personal and family level. Psychological repercussions were manifested. The negative aspect of this experience was triggered by ignorance of the disease, danger, and loss of control over the situation. Changes and adjustments in family life, work, routines, relationships, loss of mobility, freedoms, and human contact, adapting and surviving, contradictions by authorities, institutional inability, and lack of knowledge to face the epidemic were highlighted. The significant and positive aspects were manifested at a personal and family level, in terms of the meaning of life, the value of social relationships and the relationship with nature, the skills and the learning identified.

  This work contributes to the understanding of risk and disaster from comprehensive perspectives and multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches that include the experiences of the subjects. Risk is an axis that articulates knowledge, experience and interdisciplinarity, which allows new ways of generating changes in behavior and more comprehensive visions to coexist with risk with better preparation and with less loss and damage. This work contributes to the understanding of risk and disaster from comprehensive perspectives and multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches that include the experiences of the subjects. This work contributes to the understanding of risk and disaster from comprehensive perspectives and multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches that include the subjects' experiences. Emotional experiences during the pandemic are highly evident. Recognizing the effect that these emotional experiences have on people's health, it is necessary to generate greater personal and social capacities and tools to manage them and to anticipate physical and mental illnesses and premature deaths.

  The experience of the pandemic accentuated the preponderance of human behavior during the disaster, its consequences, and its management. Preparedness and behavior change are required to support the resilience of individuals and communities in the face of disasters.

  Likewise, it is imperative to acknowledge the importance of human behavior to achieve a culture of life, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and community health, risk prevention and disaster preparedness.

  The lifestyles and human behaviors promoted in modern capitalist societies (individualism, consumerism, banality, a separation from nature, nihilism, among others), as this pandemic has confirmed, are unsustainable for maintaining health and achieving a social relationship of harmony and respect with nature, coexistence, cooperation, restoration and balance of processes and support to guarantee the various dimensions of health. Gaining experience means knowing and deciding what to stop doing in everyday life in order to avoid new disasters