Breno Augusto Sosa Rodrigues, Marina Sánchez-de-Prager, Óscar Eduardo Sanclemente Reyes
Este estudio abordó el metabolismo del N, mediado por prácticas agroecológicas como los abonos verdes (AV), que incluyen leguminosas asociadas con rizobios -micorriza arbuscular y mejoran la nutrición de nitrógeno y fósforo. Se evaluó su influencia en la dinámica del nitrógeno de un Typic Haplustert en Candelaria (Colombia). En bloques completos al azar con seis repeticiones, se asoció como AV Mucuna pruriens L. var. Utilis - Zea mays L. var. ICA 305 (tratamiento 1- T1) y, la arvense nativa Rottboellia cochinchinensis L. como Tratamiento 2 - T2. En prefloración de M. pruriens se evaluó en el suelo el contenido de C orgánico (CO), N total (NT), nitrato, amonio, número de copias de gen amoA de las bacterias oxidantes de amonio (BOA), porosidad total del suelo (PPA), temperatura, flujo de gases con efecto invernadero: metano (CH4), dióxido de carbono (CO2) y óxido nitroso (N2O); la materia seca (MS) y el contenido de C, N y P en tejidos vegetales. Se registraron concentraciones significativamente (p<0.05) altas de CO, NT, amonio y nitrato, en T2. BOA fue significativamente mayor en T1, coincidiendo con mayor PPA y menor temperatura del suelo. El CO2 atmosférico fue significativamente menor en T1, mientras que CH4 y N2O alcanzaron los valores más altos. Al finalizar el ensayo, AV en T1 aportó cerca de 4 t MS/ha, 1668.3 kg C/ha, 78.7 kg N/ha y 11.0 kg P/ha, con beneficio económico-social de 9.2 ton choclo/ha.
This study provided knowledge about the agro-ecosystem N dynamics mediated by the use of agroecological practices such as GM. GM is established as legume its symbiotic action with soil rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza formation, allows the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus, among others. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of GM in the nitrogen dynamics of a Typic Haplustert located in the municipality of Candelaria (Colombia). In completely randomized blocks design with six replications, the GM coming from the intercropping Mucuna pruriens var utilis - Zea mays L. var. ICA 305 was established as T1 treatment and the native arvense Rottboellia cochinchinensis L. as T2, during the second half of year 2011. During the stage of preflowering of M. pruriens the content of organic C (OC) was evaluated as well as total N (TN), nitrate, ammonium, number of copies of amoA gene of ammoniaoxidizing bacteria, total porosity filled with water (TPW), temperature, flow of greenhouse gases: methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as the dry matter (DM) and the contents of C, N and P in plant tissues. Significantly higher concentrations (p <0.05) of CO, NT, ammonium and nitrate, were recorded in T2. The number of oxidizing bacteria of ammonium was significantly higher in T1 which coincided with the higher TPW and the lower soil temperature. The emission of atmospheric CO2 was significantly lower in T1, in contrast to the CH4 and N2O which scored the highest values. At the end of the trial, the GM in T1 provided about 4 t MS / ha, 1668.3 kg C / ha, 78.7 kg N / ha and 11.0 kg P / ha, with social economic benefit of 9.2 t corn/ha.
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