Vasculitis crioglobulinémica por hiperviscosidad y formación de criogel como debut de mieloma múltiple. Caso clínico

• Autores: Gabriel Arratia, Fernanda San-Martín, Nicolás Brkljaca, Claudia Agüero, Maximiliano Vergara, Ana María Guzmán
• Localización: Revista Médica de Chile, ISSN-e 0034-9887, Vol. 150, Nº. 6, 2022, págs. 832-835
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis due to hyperviscosity and cryogel formation as the onset of multiple myeloma. Report of one case
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• Resumen

  • Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by a clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. These cells typically produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin, and its symptoms arise either from plasma cell infiltration in several organs, or secondary to the presence of a monoclonal protein peak. Symptoms can be summarized by the acronym CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and bone lesions). Sometimes, in the setting of a protein secreting monoclonal gammopathy, formation of cryoglobulins develops. Cryoglobulins are plasma proteins that precipitate at low temperatures, forming a cold - induced precipitate at small vessels, causing a wide range of clinical manifestations. We report a female consulting for ulcers lasting 2 months in the left foot associated with purpuric lesions in both lower limbs. Protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal peak in the gamma region. Bone marrow aspirate showed 27% of plasma cells with kappa chain restriction by cytometry. The presence of cryoglobulins was confirmed. The patient was treated with dexamethasone and bortezomib, with a progressive healing of lower limb lesions and disappearance of cryoglobulins. She was discharged in good conditions.