Resumen de Fortificación de la harina de trigo con ácido fólico en Chile: Consecuencias no intencionadas
Cecilia Castillo-L, Josep Antoni Tur Marí, Ricardo Uauy
Background: High daily intake of folic acid (FA) could determine health risks in some populations. Aim: To review the Chilean FA wheat four fortifcation and to identify the existence of populations at risk. Material and Methods: We categorized the FA levels in four samples (percentil P) (2005-2008) and estimated intake of FA (mg/d) in adults from apparent bread consumption according to different levels (P20, 50 and 95) and children consumption (8-13 years) considering socioeconomic status (SES), bread/g/d intake (P20, 50 and 75) and regulated level of four fortifcation (2.2 mg FA/100 g). Daily Dietary Folate Equivalent (DFE) consumption was estimated from serum folate in adults and elderly people (both sexes). We calculated the percentage of population with FA intakes over the estimated average requirement (EAR) and maximum level (UL) pre and post-fortifcation. Results: There is great variability in FA four: 10-20% samples without FA and 10-30% with levels > 2.2 mg/100 g. Adult daily consumption (2-4 day/loaves) could determine FA intakes close to UL. Children daily bread consumption (low socioeconomic level) > P75 have intakes close to UL. Post-fortifcation estimated daily DFE from serum folate in women, men and elderly people show: 99% of women, 100% of men and the elderly people have intakes higher than EAR. Additionally 2.3% of women and 6% of men would have intakes near the UL. Conclusions: The four FA levels and serum folate levels in some populations show increased FA post-fortifcation intakes, which could lead to greater risk suggesting a revision of the fortifcation level.
