Resumen de Cambios de usos na bacía da Ramallosa 1956-2018

Gonzalo Méndez Martínez, Emilio Fernández, Andrés López Fortes, Aida Ovejero Campos

• galego

  Neste traballo preséntase a bacía da Ramallosa como laboratorio natural no estudo dos procesos de artificialización sufridos entre os anos 1956 e 2018. Analízase a evolución das distintas clases de coberturas do solo (superficies artificiais, zonas agrícolas, zonas forestais, zonas con vexetación arbustiva, zonas húmidas costeiras e praias e corpos de auga interiores), mediante diferentes métodos en función da información dispoñible. Estúdanse as forzas tractoras causantes dos cambios observados en relación cos patróns de ocupación do solo. A bacía da Ramallosa rexistrou un forte aumento nas superficies artificiais entre os anos 1981 e 2010, onde ditas superficies multiplican a súa extensión por 3,5. A taxa máxima de artificialización detectouse entre os anos 2000 e 2006. A magnitude do proceso de artificialización rexistrada no período de estudo nos municipios de Gondomar, Nigrán e Baiona non se explica a partir dos incrementos de poboación, fogares, vivendas (principais ou non), edificios e locais. O intenso incremento de vivendas illadas e dispersas experimentado nestes municipios, fortes demandantes de infraestruturas e equipamentos, xoga un papel determinante na artificialización da zona de estudo.

• English

  This work presents the Ramallosa basin as a natural laboratory for the study of artificialization processes occurring between 1956 and 2018. The evolution of different land cover classes (artificial areas, agricultural zones, forest areas, areas with shrub vegetation, wetlands and beaches and water bodies) was analysed using different methods depending on the available information. The driving forces causing the observed changes in land use patterns were investigated. The Ramallosa basin recorded a sharp increase in artificial surfaces between 1981 and 2010 when they increased by a 3.5-fold factor. The maximum rate of artificialization was shown between 2000 and 2006. The magnitude of the artificialization process in the municipalities of Gondomar, Nigrán and Baiona is not explained by increases in population, households, dwellings (main or not), buildings and premises. The intense increase in isolated and dispersed dwellings experienced in these municipalities, highly demanding of infrastructures and equipment, plays a crucial role in the artificialization observed in this territory