Agentes causantes de infecciones del torrente circulatorio en niños con cáncer, en cinco hospitales de Santiago (1994-1998)

• Autores: Ernesto Payá G, Ana María Alvarez P, Carmen Avilés L, José Cofré G, Nancy Enríquez O, Carmen Salgado M, Maria Elena Santolaya, Pamela Silva G, Juan Tordecilla C, Mónica Varas P, Milena Villarroel C, Marcela Zubieta A
• Localización: Revista Médica de Chile, ISSN-e 0034-9887, Vol. 129, Nº. 11, 2001, págs. 1297-1304
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Causative agents of bloodstream infections in Chilean pediatric patients with cancer
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• Resumen

  • Background: Pediatric patients in treatment for cancer can have fatal bacterial infections. Thus, in the presence of fever or other signs infection, antimicrobials have to be prescribed empirically. Aim: To know the causative agents of bacteremia in children with cancer, their changes with time and between different hospitals and their patterns of susceptibility. Material and methods: We reviewed the blood cultores of children with cancer in five hospitals of Santiago, from 1994 at 1998. Results: During the study period, 707 agents were isolated. The most frequently isolated species or genus were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (43%), Staphylococcus aureus (16%), Escherichia coli (9%), Klebsiella spp. (8%), Pseudomonas spp. (5%) and Candida spp. (4%). Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was 55% resistant to meticilin and S. aureus was 44% resistant. Enterobacteriae had 15% resistance to gentamicin and amikacin, 2% to imipenem, 26% to ceftriaxone, 21% to cefotaxim and 20% to ceftazidim. Among non fermenting agents resistance was 6% for imipenem, 9% for amikacin 10% for ciprofloxacin, 19% for ceftazidim and 22% for cefoperazone. The resistance of Streptococcus spp. (non pneumoniae) to penicillin reached 50% and that of Enterococcus spp. was of 33%. Conclusions: Treatment for pediatric patients with cancer must be modified and new guidelines including more active medications for patients at risk for bacteremia, should be devised (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 1297-1304)