Resumen de Violência Sexual e Contexto Universitário: Levantamento em uma Instituição Brasileira

Amanda Oliveira de Morais, Carolina Laurenti

• English

  International data about sexual violence and national results regarding gender-based violence in higher education institutions reveal alarming numbers. Studies demonstrate a need for sexual violence indicators in Brazilian universities that allow a contextual and cultural analysis of the phenomenon. Considering this scenario, the study objectives were to investigate how higher education institution members evaluate security, services, and rights related to sexual violence in the university context and to conduct a survey on different types of sexual assaults and their characteristics. For this investigation, 185 students and 43 professors answered an adapted questionnaire containing Likert-scale items and multiple-choice questions. Descriptive and inferential (Student’s t-test, Pearson’s chi-squared test) statistical analyses were performed. The results point to insecurity regarding the institution’s actions on the violence and unfamiliarity with rights and procedures in sexual violence situations. Also, in the matter of sexual violence reports, there was low confidence that appropriate procedures would be taken when the institution’s authorities were notified. Women and students had statistically significant results on the negative evaluation of several items investigated compared to men and professors. Comparing the student and professor groups, we observed that more students reported sexual violence situations in all the assaults investigated. Of the students, 8,11% were forced penetration victims, 27,57% were sexually touched without their consent, 26.49% claimed they had heard inappropriate sexual comments about them, and 14,05% felt as if they were being bribed or threatened to engage in sexual behavior in the university context. As for professors, 11,62% have seen someone appear or wait for them in a threatening manner, 9,3% have been touched sexually without consent, received some inappropriate sexual comment, received unwanted contacts by remote means, and were spied on or followed in the university context. Of women students, 53,8% said they had experienced at least one of the violence investigated in the university context compared to 37,5% of male students. As for female professors, 30,78% responded that they had experienced at least one form of violence in the context of the institution compared to 11,76% of male teachers. Significant relations were found between the majority of assaults investigated and the gender and sexual orientation of the participants. Effects related to the violence experienced included psychiatric medication use, psychological treatment, missed deadlines, and university environment absenteeism. We discuss sexually violent cultural practices present at the university as a controlling agency, in particular, contributing to sexual assault invisibility and maintenance of male domination. In the light of radical behaviorism, we indicate the need for policies to confront sexual violence in higher education institutions, including the dissemination of information about institutional services and rights and encouraging support practices for violence victims in the presence of a reception structure to the notifications. Some propositions we bring are appropriate referrals of specific protocols and flowcharts, training, and human and administrative resources that guarantee effectiveness.

• português

  A violência sexual nas universidades brasileiras carece de indicadores que permitam análise contextual e cultural das agressões. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar como membras(os) de uma instituição de ensino superior avaliam a segurança, serviços e direitos relacionados à violência sexual no contexto universitário e realizar um levantamento sobre a ocorrência de diferentes tipos de agressões sexuais e suas características. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com análise estatística descritiva e inferencial pautada em um questionário adaptado respondido por 185 estudantes e 43 docentes. Foram encontradas relações significativas entre ter vivenciado agressões sexuais, o gênero, orientação sexual e ser estudante ou docente. Mulheres, pessoas não heterossexuais e estudantes foram os grupos que relataram vivenciar mais violências em comparação com homens, heteros e docentes, respectivamente. As médias das respostas dos grupos “mulheres” e “estudantes” foram significativamente mais negativas em comparação com “homens” e “docentes” nos itens sobre sentirem-se seguras(os) no contexto da universidade, conhecer direitos e procedimentos sobre a temática na instituição e confiabilidade quanto aos procedimentos adequados após denúncias. Os efeitos relacionados às violências encontrados foram: uso de medicamentos psiquiátricos, tratamento psicológico, perda de prazos, faltas e afastamentos do ambiente acadêmico. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz do comportamentalismo radical.