Circular economy is receiving increased attention in environmental policies and resource use strategies. Symbiotic approaches require comprehensive policy frameworks involving spatial and water resources planning. Different spatial contexts and patterns of resources use may influence circular economy opportunities. All these factors rely on spatial based interactions and interfere with spatial planning decision-making. Following the challenges of the European Union (EU), various European countries have been adopting national circular economy strategies – proposing different actions, measures and indicators to influence symbiotic strategies across several human activities and economic sectors. This paper analyses how water and spatial circularity issues are integrated into national strategies of circular economy, with case studies for Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark and Finland. To this end, it undertook a brief discourse analysis of the main national circular economy strategies. Results show that water and spatial circularity are still poorly considered in strategic documents and that, in addition, conceptual and methodological developments are required to challenge water and spatial planning approaches.
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