Los territorios del sur del continente americanos, no colonizados por Europa en la Época Moderna, permanecieron como mundos indígenas sin presencia foránea hasta mediados del siglo XIX. Hacia ellos se asomó España, estableciendo distintos tipos de relaciones con indígenas que no eran ni fronterizos ni ‘amigos’, sino, ajenos: la frontera ‘de arriba’, territorio entre Valdivia y Chiloé, sección sur de la llamada ‘tierra de guerra’; el área del lago Nahuelhuapi, considerada desde Chiloé como puerta de entrada a la Patagonia continental, Mar del Norte, estrecho de Magallanes y el reino de Chile; y la ‘frontera móvil’ de Aysén, que eran las ‘infi nitas islas’ camino al Estrecho, mundo bordemarino explorado por Chiloé.
The territories located South of the American continent, uncolonized by Europeans during the Early Modern period, remained as indigenous spaces –without foreign presence– until the mid – 19 th century. Spain approached these lands engaging with the indigenous communities, which were not frontier Indians nor ‘friends’, but foreigners. The ‘frontier from above’ (frontera de arriba) comprehended the territories located between Valdivia and Chiloé Island, which was part of the southern part of the so-called ‘war land’ (“tierra de Guerra”); the area near the Nahualhuapi lake, considered by the Chiloé islanders as the gateway to the continental Patagonian territory, the Mar del Norte, the Magellan Strait and the Kingdom of Chile; and the ‘movil frontier’ of the Aysen territory, which comprehended the ‘infi nite islands’ located in the way to the Magellan Strait, a maritime area explored by Chiloé islanders.
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