A busca de identidade: A relación entre sexo e xénero n’A semellanza de María Xosé Queizán

• Rodríguez Rodríguez, Marisol ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Auckland

     University of Auckland

     Nueva Zelanda

     
• Localización: Galicia21: Journal of Contemporary Galician Studies, ISSN-e 2040-7181, Nº. 1, 2011, págs. 60-77
• Idioma: gallego
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • galego

    A coordenadas xénero e nacionalismo marcan a totalidade da obra da autora María Xosé Queizán e a súa loita contra as normas patriarcais. De feito, Queizán ten cultivado todos os xéneros literarios ao tempo que defendeu os dereitos das mulleres, e das galegas en particular. Na seus textos narrativos tratou con certa precocidade varios temas polémicos o que levou a un certo silenciamento da súa obra, situación que está a cambiar gradualmente. O presente artigo centraráse na novela A semellanza (1988), texto pioneiro no contexto galego sobre a infrutuosa busca de identidade de Juanjo Valladares. Con esta novela Queizán contribuíu ao debate sobre a relación sexo/xénero desde o punto de vista da psicanálise, amosando una afinidade no seu pensamento coas teorías de Judith Butler relativas á artificialidade deste binomio. O concepto de performatividade de xénero de Butler é tamén abondo relevante na novela de Queizán, se analizamos as distintas fases sexuais de Juanjo, o protagonista. Esas etapas teñen unha correspondencia cos diferentes lugares onde a acción ten lugar (Galicia, Barcelona, Marrocos e o retorno á orixe, Galicia). A través desta particular xeografía, Juanjo muda constantemente as súas identidades sexuais. Deste xeito, Queizán presenta a identidade como algo separado do corpo, ao tempo que aborda o papel determinante que as sociedades teñen na asignación de xénero a un corpo específico.

  • English

    Gender and nationalism distinguish the totality of María Xosé Queizán’s work in her particular fight against patriarchal norms. In fact, Queizán has cultivated a full range of genres while defending women rights. In Queizán’s narrative her precocity in the treatment of polemical themes had resulted in the silencing of her work, a situation that has gradually changed. This article will focus on Queizán’s A semellanza (1988), a novel telling the story of to Juanjo Valladares’ fruitless search for identity. This novel is her con- tribution to the debate on the complex interrelated conception of sex/ gender from a psychoanalytic point of view that started in 1968 as a result of the publication of Sex and Gender by Robert J. Stoller. Queizán shows a strong similarity in her ideas to Judith Butler’s conception of sex and gen- der through her unfortunate protagonist Juanjo Valladares. According to this theory, sex is seen as culturally constructed. As a consequence, the ‘female’ gender (or ‘male’) is contingent and open to multiple interpre- tations. Butler’s concept of the performativity of gender is also very rel- evant as it acquires a dramatic tone when Juanjo’s different sexual phases are examined. Those phases correspond to the different places where the action takes place—Galicia, Barcelona, Morocco and the return to the ori- gin, Galicia—. In all these places Juanjo continually changes his sexuality, this being Queizán’s way of emphasizing that gender is performative. Thus, Queizán presents identity as something separate from the body, showing how society influences the assigning of gender to a specific body.