Resumen de Implementation of high-flow nasal cannula in de novo hypoxemia failure in adult patients
Background: in the 21st century, community-acquired pneumonia constitutes the most frequent cause of death of infectious etiology in developed countries, contributing to high incidence, morbidity and mortality. Respiratory failure caused by pneumonia generates a significant compromise in oxygenation, where therapy is essential. Recently, high-flow oxygen therapy has emerged as an alternative to conventional oxygen therapy in patients with severe respiratory failure. High-flow oxygen therapy consists of the application of a gas flow of up to 60 L/min through nasal cannulas. This system is tolerable by the patient because the inspired gas is heated and humidified (temperature 34-37°C, generating a relative humidity of 100 %). The effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy are: less dilution of administered oxygen with room air, decreased dead space (and carbon dioxide scavenging), generation of positive airway pressure, increased circulating volume, decreased respiratory work and improved mucociliary transport.
Material and methods: the study design is a systematic review for which a search and evaluation of the existing literature and previous research on high-flow nasal cannula was carried out through the databases of Pubmed, Google Academic, Cochrane Library, among others. . For this, inclusion criteria were used: adult patients over 18 years of age, patients with hypoxemia failure with pneumonia pathology, de novo hypoxemia. Written in Spanish and English.
Results: an exhaustive bibliographic search was carried out through various academic storage sites such as Pubmed, Google Academic, Cohrane Library, among others. A total of 146 articles were found respecting the inclusion criteria, 9 were used to carry out this work.
Conclusion: there are many pathologies that cause hypoxemia, this being a cause of great mortality. Describe the implementation of the use of high-flow nasal cannula, as well as its advantages compared to standard oxygen therapy treatments, offering medical personnel an alternative to having orotracheal intubation as the first choice. This provides great benefits to the patient, such as a shorter hospital stay. Reduces hospital and specialized personnel costs, the treatment with a high-flow nasal cannula is easy to use and has better patient tolerance.
