Resumen de Risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to forced postures in a metalworking company
María Alejandra Álvarez Chacón
, María Alexandra Vaca Sánchez, Kleber Gabriel Santos Huertas, Jessica Silvana Jami Chango, Silvia del Carmen García Yance
Introduction: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) range from acute injuries to disabling diseases, generating persistent pain, loss of functional capacity and even sick leave. Its high prevalence is associated with physical and postural factors, with forced postures, manual manipulation of loads and repetitive movements being the main triggers of these disorders. Due to the physical and postural demands, pain is especially prevalent in the back and extremities.
Methods: the study was correlational and cross-sectional in design, with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 12 workers from an automotive company, selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire and the application of the OWAS Method to evaluate work postures. The observation of postures was carried out at four intervals during the work day. The relative frequencies were analyzed and the risks of the postures were classified.
Results: various musculoskeletal injuries were recorded, mainly contractures and tendonitis, with prevalent discomfort in the back, arms and legs. Most workers self-medicated to relieve pain. 37 work positions were identified, with a notable proportion of risk level 1 (65 %), followed by levels 2 and 3. A positive correlation (p=0,029) with a strength of 35 % was found between the risk level and the musculoskeletal disorders. No correlation was found between the level of risk and the duration of the injury.
Conclusions: the presence of the musculoskeletal disorder is related to the level of risk, so intervening in positions that suggest more risk would reduce the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorder
