Resumen de Socio-Gerontological Assessment Tool for the Geriatrics service and development of practical skills among students

Jercy Subyen Iglesias Toriza, Elaine Teresa Gutiérrez Pérez, Imirsy Valdivia Martínez, Yara Díaz Ibañez, Michael Álvarez González

• español

  Introducción: El aumento de la esperanza de vida y el envejecimiento poblacional indica nuevas necesidades y oportunidades sociales. El diseño inadecuado de instrumentos de evaluación socio-gerontológica acorde a las necesidades del adulto mayor en equipos multidisciplinario en sus necesidades constituye el problema de investigación.Objetivo: Validar un instrumento de Evaluación social gerontológica para el Servicio de geriatría y desarrollo de habilidades prácticas en estudiantes.Material y Métodos: Investigación mixta, descriptiva de corte transversal en el Servicio de Geriatría del hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de Santa Clara (2020-2022). Población (1 830) adultos mayores, muestra (538) seleccionada por muestreo aleatorio simple. Se empleó un grupo nominal de especialistas para validar el contenido, fue utilizado el método estadístico Alfa de Crombach.Resultados: prevaleció el sexo femenino 52 %, de 60-79 años 67,3 %, la bronconeumonía extra-hospitalaria 61,3 % al ingreso hospitalario, casados 40,1 %, 1-2 hijos 76,4 %, carencia afectiva 33,1 %, soledad 28,3 %, incapacidad para el cuido 12,9 %, conflictos familiares 8,2 %, maltratos 2,9 %; viviendo en su domicilio 79 %, relaciones sociales adecuadas 80,1 %, incorporados a organizaciones sociales 81,8 %, con cuidadores 27,1 %, ABVD independiente 78,3 %, AIVD independiente 63,4 %, estado psíquico-cognitivo en el 43,3 %, afectivo 33,6 % y emocional en 23,2 %.Conclusiones: Se validó un instrumento para la evaluación social gerontológica por el equipo multidisciplinario y como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas en estudiantes de la asignatura de Geriatría.

• English

  Introduction: The increase in life expectancy and the aging of the population indicates new social needs and opportunities. The inadequate design of socio-gerontological assessment according to the shortcomings of the elderly in a multidisciplinary team in the context of micro and macro social problems is the main interest of this research.Objective: To validate a socio-gerontological assessment tool for the Geriatrics Service and the development of practical skills among students.Material and Methods: Mixed, descriptive and cross-sectional research study conducted in the Geriatrics Service of the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" hospital in Santa Clara (2020-2022). The population consisted of 1 830 older adults, and the sample was composed of 538 individuals that were selected by simple random sampling. A nominal group of specialists was used to validate the content, using the Crombach's alpha statistical method.Results: The results show that 52% of patients were female, 67.3% aged 60-79 years, 61.3% were involved in out-of-hospital bronchopneumonia at hospital admission, 40.1% were married, 76.4% had 1-2 children, 33.1% were deprived, 28.3% were lonely, 12.9% were unable to care, 8.2% were involved in family conflicts, 2.9% were mistreated, 79% were living at home, 80.1% had adequate social relationships, 81.8% were incorporated into social organizations,  27.1% had caregivers, 78.3% had independent ABVD, 63.4% had independent IADC, 43.3% had a psycho-cognitive state, 33.6% had an affective state, and 23.2% had an emotional state.Conclusions: A tool for socio-gerontological assessment was validated by the multidisciplinary team as a didactic strategy for the development of practical skills in students of the Geriatrics course.