Resumen de Metformin and gestational diabetes. Bibliographic review

Alex Criollo Rodríguez, Richarth Roberto Rodríguez Larrea, Josselinne Piedad Vega Jiménez

• Gestational diabetes (GD) is a disorder during pregnancy characterized by high blood sugar levels due to carbohydrate intolerance. Its prevalence has increased globally, linked to factors such as lifestyle changes and obesity. GD shares similarities with type 2 diabetes, involving insulin resistance and metabolic changes.Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial to prevent complications for both mother and fetus. Specific tests, such as the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), are essential to detect GD, along with a thorough evaluation of risk factors from the beginning of pregnancy.Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, and drug therapy as needed. Insulin has been the traditional treatment due to its safety during pregnancy, but metformin is emerging as an effective oral alternative, although with concerns about its long-term safety in the fetus.A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the management of GD, considering glycemic control and the possible risks and benefits of different treatments for each patient. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of metformin on the fetus and its safety during pregnancy. Meanwhile, the choice of treatment must be individualized and based on a complete evaluation of each case.