Efectividad de intervención integral para prevención y tratamiento de caries dental, en escolares salvadoreños

• Fernández de Quezada, Ruth ^[1] ; Escobar de González, Wendy Yesenia ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad de El Salvador

     Universidad de El Salvador

     El Salvador

     
  2. [2] Directora del Centro de Investigaciones de la FOUES
• Localización: Revista Minerva, ISSN-e 2521-8794, Vol. 5, Nº. Extra 3, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Número Especial: Odontología), págs. 19-26
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Effectiveness of comprehensive intervention for prevention and treatment of dental caries in salvadoran schoolchildren
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    La caries dental es altamente prevalente en niños de edad escolar en El Salvador, lo que afecta la calidad de vida y a la vez, representa un alto costo para la sociedad y los servicios de salud. Para afrontar esta problemática se aplican estrategias preventivas y de limitación del daño. Por ello el objetivo es determinar la efectividad a 12 meses de una intervención integral para la prevención y tratamiento de caries en dientes permanentes, en escolares de 9 a 11 años, atendidos en Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar en el año 2017. Participaron 332 niños tratados con profilaxis dental, aplicaciones de flúor barniz, sellantes de fosas y fisuras, obturaciones y educación en salud bucal. Para determinar la efectividad se evaluó la reducción de placa dentobacteriana según el índice simplificado de higiene oral (ISHO) y caries dental con el índice de superficies cariadas, perdidas y obturadas (CPO-S); así como la supervivencia de sellantes y obturaciones. Entre los resultados se destaca que inicialmente, el 39.63 % de los escolares presentaba higiene bucal «regular» y un CPO-S de 5.36, reportándose al año un 54.57 % con higiene bucal «óptima» y un CPO-S de 4.60. Concluyendo que la intervención integral fue efectiva, por la baja incidencia de caries dental, alta supervivencia de SFF y obturaciones y reducción de placa dentobacteriana.

  • English

    Dental caries is highly prevalent in school-age children in El Salvador, affecting their quality of life and at the same time representing a high cost for society and health services. To confront this problem, preventive and damage limitation strategies are applied. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 12-month comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of caries in permanent teeth in school children between 9 and 11 years of age. The schoolchildren were attended in Community Family Health Units in 2017. A total of 332 children participated and were treated with dental prophylaxis, fluoride varnish applications, pit and fissure sealants, fillings and oral health education. To determine the effectiveness, the reduction of dental plaque was evaluated according to the simplified index of oral hygiene (ISHO) and dental caries with the index of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMF-S). The survival of sealants and fillings was also evaluated. Among the results it is highlighted that initially 39.63 % of the school children had "regular" oral hygiene and a DMF-S of 5.36, reporting 54.57 % with "optimal" oral hygiene and a DMF-S of 4.60 after one year. It was concluded that the comprehensive intervention was effective, due to the low incidence of dental caries, high survival of SSF and fillings and reduction of dental bacterial plaque.

    Among the results, it is highlighted that, initially, 39.63% of the school children had "regular" oral hygiene and a DMFT/S of 5.36, reporting 54.57% with "optimal" oral hygiene and a DMFT/S of 4.60 after one year. It was concluded that the comprehensive intervention was effective, due to the low incidence of dental caries, the high survival of PFS and fillings and the reduction of dental plaque.