Since the invention of the first working transistor in 1947 [1], the evolution of classical computation has been driven by the constant development of smaller and faster components. The corresponding exponential growth of computational power was predicted by Gordon Moore in 1965 [2]. Remarkably, his prediction has held true for decades, but eventually it may run into fundamental size limitations and the emerging quantum effects in very small physical systems. Quantum computing aims to transform this threat into an opportunity.
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